{"id":6400,"date":"2022-01-15T02:42:20","date_gmt":"2022-01-15T01:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.merci-project.com\/chelonoidis-carbonarius\/"},"modified":"2024-01-18T12:17:29","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T11:17:29","slug":"red-footed-tortoise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.merci-project.com\/en\/red-footed-tortoise\/","title":{"rendered":"Red-footed tortoise"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6400\" class=\"elementor elementor-6400 elementor-5767\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c22add6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c22add6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6683c2b\" data-id=\"6683c2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14ba22f elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"14ba22f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.5.3 - 28-12-2021 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-content{width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper,.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-right .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:right;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-left .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:left;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-position-top .elementor-image-box-img{margin:auto}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-top .elementor-image-box-wrapper{-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-middle .elementor-image-box-wrapper{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.elementor-widget-image-box.elementor-vertical-align-bottom .elementor-image-box-wrapper{-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end}}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-bottom:15px}}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-img{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-title a{color:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-wrapper{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image-box .elementor-image-box-description{margin:0}<\/style><div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"#\"><img width=\"1200\" height=\"727\" src=\"https:\/\/www.merci-project.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Chelonoidis-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\"><ul>\n<li>Common name : Red-footed tortoise.<\/li>\n<li>Scientific name : <em>Chelonoidis carbonarius (Spix, 1824)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Local name : Red-leg, Red-legged, Savanna tortoise, Tortue charbonni\u00e8re \u00e0 pattes rouges, K\u00f6hlerschildkr\u00f6te, Jaboti, Jabuti, Jabuti-Piranga, Jabuti-Vermelho, Japuta, Carumbe \/ Karumbe, Wayapopi, Morrocoy, Kati, Sambo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Order : Testudines<\/li>\n<li>Family : Testudinidae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<a class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" style=\"background: #0f441c; float: right;\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merci-project.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/PDF_Chelonoidis_carbonarius_EN.pdf\"><span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\"><i class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\" style=\"margin-right: 12px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download PDF file <\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92821e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92821e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.5.3 - 28-12-2021 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"event_header p-border\">\n<p><strong>Morphology<\/strong>. Medium sized freshwater turtle. The carapace is black, marked with light spots in the middle of each scute. The head and limbs are black, spotted with bright colours from yellow to dark red. Characteristic of the genus Chelonoidis, the nuchal scute is absent and the carapace possess a large, undivided supracaudal scute (Ernst and Leuteritz, 1999).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Standard body size (carapace length)<\/strong>. 400 to 600 mm (Ernst et Leuteritz, 1999).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sexual dimorphism<\/strong>. Males are usually larger than females (Ernst et Leuteritz, 1999).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variations<\/strong>. The colour of the carapace, head and limbs varies according to a North-South gradient over its native range. Five variants are thus identified.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Possible confusion with other species<\/strong>. Confusion is possible with the Yellow-footed tortoise, <em>C. denticulatus<\/em>, a phylogenetically close species, native to the Amazon basin and also present in Guadeloupe (introduced but not established; INPN, 2021), in Dominica (introduced; IUCN redlist, 2021) and in Trinidad (uncertain status) (Vargas-Ramirez et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2011).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Distribution<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Native<\/strong>. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela (Rivas et al., 2012), Guyana (Cole et al., 2013), Surinam, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia (Monta\u00f1o et al., 2013; Noss et al., 2013), Brazil (Wang et al., 2011; Santos et al., 2014; de Freitas et al., 2018, 2019; Ferreira, 2021; Shibuya et al., 2021), Paraguay (Vinke et Vinke, 2001; Cacciali et al., 2016), Argentina.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Introduced<\/strong>. Caribbean: Puerto Rico, US and British Virgin Islands, Antigua, Barbuda (Daltry, 2007), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, Sainte Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Daudin and Silva, 2007), Grenada, Barbados, Trinidad, Tobago.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uncertain status<\/strong>. Great Corn Island (Nicaragua) (Salazar-Saavedra et al., 2015).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Biology and ecology<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Habitat<\/strong>. <em>Chelonoidis carbonarius<\/em> inhabit various habitats, from savannah to wet forests (Vinke et Vinke, 2001; Vargas-Ramirez et al., 2010).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diet<\/strong>. Omnivore. The species can feed on plants (weeds, fruits and seeds), mushroom, mollusks, curstacean, insects and carrion (Wang et al., 2011; Mourthe and Castro, 2017; Shibuya et al., 2021).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reproduction<\/strong>. <em>C. carbonarius<\/em> is generally reach maturity at five. The egg-laying period takes place during the wet season (between June and September). Females lay eggs several times during this period, laying two to fifteen eggs per nest.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Behaviour<\/strong>. On its native range, the dry season can lead to the temporary disappearance of water ponds. <em>C. carbonarius<\/em> can then aestivate, buried in mud or sand, while awaiting the return of more favourable conditions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Impact and management of introduced populations<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact<\/strong>. Little is known about the impact of <em>Chelonoidis carbonarius<\/em> on native ecosystems in introduced regions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Management<\/strong>. No targeted control measures have been established in the regions where the species has been introduced.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Bibliographie<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cacciali, P., Scott, N. J., Luz, A., Ort\u00edz, A., Fitzgerald, L. A., &amp; Smith, P. (2016). The Reptiles of Paraguay: literature, Distribution, and an annotated taxonomic checklist. Special Publication of The Museum of Southwestern Biology, 11, 1\u2013373.<\/li>\n<li>Cole, C. J., Townsend, C. R., Reynolds, R. P., MacCulloch, R. D., &amp; Lathrop, A. (2013). Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: Illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 125, 317\u2013578.<\/li>\n<li>Daltry, J. C. (2007). An introduction to the herpetofauna of Antigua, Barbuda and Redonda, with some conservation recommendations. Applied Herpetology, 4, 97\u2013130.<\/li>\n<li>Daudin, J., &amp; De Silva, M. (2007). An annotated checklist of the amphibians and terrestrial reptiles of the Grenadines with notes on their local natural history and conservation. Applied Herpetology, 4, 163\u2013175.<\/li>\n<li>de Freitas, M. A., Abegg, A. D., Ara\u00fajo, D. da S., Coelho, H. E. de A., Azevedo, W. dos S., Chaves, M. F., \u2026 de Moura, G. J. B. (2019). Herpetofauna of three \u201cBrejos de altitude\u201d in the interior of the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes, 12, 591\u2013602.<\/li>\n<li>de Freitas, M. A., Abegg, A. D., Dias, I. R., &amp; Moraes, E. P. D. F. (2018). Herpetofauna from Serra da Jib\u00f3ia, an Atlantic Rainforest remnant in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes, 11, 59\u201372.<\/li>\n<li>Ernst, C. H., &amp; Leuteritz, T. E. J. (1999). <em>Geochelone carbonaria<\/em> (Spix) Red-footed tortoise. In Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles.<\/li>\n<li>Ferreira, A. S. (2021). Rapid survey of the herpetofauna of Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Ecol\u00f3gica Alto Mau\u00e9s: a rarely accessed area in the Brazilian Amazonia. Biota Amaz\u00f4nia, 11, 22\u201328.<\/li>\n<li>Monta\u00f1o F., R., Cu\u00e9llar, E., Fitzgerald, L., Soria, F., Mendoza, F., Pe\u00f1a, R., \u2026 Noss, A. (2013). Ranging patterns by the Red-footed tortoise &#8211; <em>Geochelone carbonaria<\/em> (Testudines: Testudinidae) &#8211; in the Bolivian Chaco. Ecolog\u00eda En Bolivia, 48, 17\u201330.<\/li>\n<li>Mourthe, I., &amp; Castro, A. (2017). <em>Chelonoidis carbonaria<\/em> (Red-footed Tortoise). Scavenging behavior. Herpetological Review, 48, 422\u2013423.<\/li>\n<li>Noss, A. J., Monta\u00f1o F, R. R., Soria, F., Deem, S. L., Fiorello, C. V., &amp; Fitzgerald, L. A. (2013). <em>Chelonoidis carbonaria<\/em> (Testudines: Testudinidae) Activity patterns and burrow use in the Bolivian Chaco. South American Journal of Herpetology, 8, 19\u201328.<\/li>\n<li>Rivas, G. A., Molina, C. R., Ugueto, G. N., Barros, T. R., Barrio-Amor\u00f3s, C. L., &amp; Kok, P. J. R. (2012). Reptiles of Venezuela: An updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa, 64, 1\u201364.<\/li>\n<li>Salazar-Saavedra, M., Loza, J. C., Fernandez, M., Martinez-Fonseca, J. G., Dwyer, Q., &amp; Sunyer, J. (2015). <em>Chelonoidis carbonarius<\/em> (Spix, 1824): a member of the Nicaraguan herpetofauna. Mesoamerican Herpetology, 2, 571\u2013573.<\/li>\n<li>Santos, D. L., de Andrade, S. P., Victor, E. P., &amp; Vaz-Silva, W. (2014). Amphibians and reptiles from southeastern Goi\u00e1s, Central Brazil. Check List, 10, 131\u2013148.<\/li>\n<li>Shibuya, P. S., Tortato, M. A., Gustavo, L., &amp; Oliveira, R. (2021). Home-range size and activity of the Red-footed Tortoise, <em>Chelonoidis carbonarius <\/em>(Spix , 1824) in a Brazilian coastal shrub area. Herpetology Notes, 14, 785\u2013789.<\/li>\n<li>Vargas-Ram\u00edrez, M., Maran, J., &amp; Fritz, U. (2010). Red- And yellow-footed tortoises, <em>Chelonoidis carbonaria<\/em> and <em>C. denticulam<\/em> (Reptilia: Testadines: Testudinidae), in South American savannahs and forests: Do their phylogeographies reflect distinct habitats? Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 10(2), 161\u2013172.<\/li>\n<li>Vinke, T., &amp; Vinke, S. (2001). The turtle and tortoise fauna of the central Chaco of Paraguay. Radiata, 10, 1\u201319.<\/li>\n<li>Wang, E., Donatti, C. I., Ferreira, V. L., Raizer, J., &amp; Himmelstein, J. (2011). Food Habits and Notes on the Biology of <em>Chelonoidis carbonaria<\/em> (Spix 1824) (Testudinidae, Chelonia) in the Southern Pantanal, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6, 11\u201319.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd0f731 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd0f731\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa33bfe\" data-id=\"aa33bfe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34a4a79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34a4a79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" style=\"background: #0f441c;\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merci-project.com\/en\/invasive-exotic-reptiles\/#especes\"><span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-left\" style=\"margin-right: 12px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Come back<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-daf5303\" data-id=\"daf5303\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tmnf_excerpt\"><div class=\"tmnf_excerpt\"><p>Download PDF file<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[116],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - 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